============================: THU.OCT,991028 :============================
19:30|  NYAS  Orthopedic Engineering . Karen Warden . 2 E 63 .

Case Western : 10 yrs in Acadamia , consultant , FDA . `99 Volvo Low BackPain
|19:41| 1862 : Edwin Smith Egypt Papyrus . spinal & long bone fractures .
 Statics : Free Body Force Diagram equilibrium .
 Kinematics : Maure - Muybridge . gait analysis .
  Beautiful Baseball pitch trajectory . Dynamics .
 Kinetics - forces , torques , presures , & work .
  Calf spine motions vs loads .  then created defect .
 Strengths of materials : Bone : Collagen Hydroxyapatite matrix .
  Spongy bone .
  Viscoelastic - strength depends on time scale - speed .
  Functional adaptation : Wolff 1894 : Fnctional Adaptation - self optimizing
  structure . Stress around implant . mediation of adaptation not understood
 Finite Element analysis .
 Connective Tissue - articular cartilage - porous fluid-filled exudiedin
  front of pressure peak . pumps neutrients too .
 Tendons ( meat to meat or bone  ) - ligaments - bone to bone .
  collegen & elastic fibres .
 Muscles - myacin climbing along actin .
Non Bio- materials . Lister - aseptic tek in 1860s .
 steel in 1900s - 30s cobalt crom moly stanless steel  .,
 `40s first use of titanium
 WWII PMMA acrylics - low rejection .
 Hi molecular weight polyethelene .
 PAEKeytones composite base
 Ceramics coated for biocompatability .
 Biocompatability : Material response - swelling leaching , corrosion ,
  friction .
 Host Response : inflamation & foreign body reaction . specific allergys -
  eg , nickle ; toxicity & mutogenicity ; Adaptation .
  seeks optimal mechanical load - resorbed away from stiff metal
  Device related osteoporosis in bone

 Jules Pen 1893 : sholder , platnum joint replacement surgury .
  can replace almost any joint now day , finger , hip , knee  600k % yr .
 Fracture Fixation devices - promote bony fusion .
  @ curve of spine . carbon polymer imagining xparent - can see bone heal .
 Need to speak w : Marketing - white papers . Surgeon argot - bent screw to
  turn angle .
 Researchers -  esoteric -  testing methods .  Tek writers
 FDA : Slide image : possum run over by mid road yellow stripes .
  Rules & regs - perfect people in unbelievable system .
  Try to create 'comfort level ' .
  Stage 3 clinical  - 5-7 yr .
 Patent Attnys : have own precise language . need to know current tek & your
  difference - lab notebook .
 Failure : patient non-compliance . materials , surgeon .
 Litigation Attnys : don`t speak at all .
Scoliosis -
 Future : materials  ; osteogenic growth factors . bioresorbable Ceramics .
 Hydro gels for disk replacements .
 | Slide : Portugese Chapel built of bones   for halowen |20:43|
Qs ? Ligaments - sprains ? not my specialty . Knee carbon fibre braids .
  problem : splintered . Transplantation .
 | Sacrum replacement ? custom |
 | chin on chest osteoporotic  wedge collapse of vertebrae
 | Silicone rubber ?  finger joint failed faster . In spine , interfaced w
  titanium , didn`t grip & poor lateral strength .
 | Airport detectors  IDs : generally not set off .
 |  desperate need of new materials . composite w closer modulus to natural .
  better tripological properties .
 | Cements ? some , roughen surface .
 Finite element Analysis ? Titaniums too stiff .
 | magnets ? no really solid evidence of value .  memory metals
 | deep wound infection problem in old wounds .
|21:4|  new joints - closer to $25k than $100k .  This is what
 interests me ; see http://cosy.com/trnsprt/seizure.htm >

---

;

CoSy The NoteComputer

Feedback : bob@cosy.com
NB : I reserve the right to post all communications I receive or generate to CoSy website for further reflection .

---